• In addition to the above mentioned synaptic mechanisms the s

  2024-11-13

  

  In addition to the above-mentioned synaptic mechanisms, the serotonergic system also has a critical role in the antidepressant effects of mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists. Indeed, we previously reported that mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists increased the firing rate of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe

• br Introduction Throughout early prophase I meiotic

  2024-11-13

  

  Introduction Throughout early prophase I, meiotic cells intentionally generate DSBs as part of a stringently controlled process to initiate homologous recombination (HR). HR is a critical DSB repair pathway that ultimately permits the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes

• The amino hydroxy methyl isoxazolepropionic acid AMPA

  2024-11-13

  

  The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic clobetasol price (AMPA) receptor is also enriched in postsynaptic striatal neurons (Bernard et al., 1997, Kondo et al., 2000, Reimers et al., 2011). Its activity is subjected to the regulation by a mechanism involving phosphorylation (Lu and Roche

• To introduce in a simple

  2024-11-12

  

  To introduce in a simple way the variability in the concentration of the proteins involved in the process, and to consider possible stochastic effects due to possible finite sizes of the populations involved in the problem, the dynamics of each cell is studied using the Gillespie’s algorithm (Gilles

• Limitations of this study include the use

  2024-11-12

  

  Limitations of this study include the use of HL-1 cardiomyocytes, which show different characteristics than primary cardiomyocytes [56]. Furthermore, sustained TAC in Ampkα1-deficient mice did not favorably influence cardiac function [33]. It must be kept in mind that global Ampkα1-deficiency may af

• Mass spectrometry Matrix assisted laser desorption ionizatio

  2024-11-12

  

  Mass spectrometry. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS experiment was performed in linear and positive-ion mode on a DE-STR instrument equipped with a nitrogen laser (PE Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Each spectrum was calibrated in the default mode in which 0.1%

• br Experimental section br Acknowledgements This work was fu

  2024-11-12

  

  Experimental section Acknowledgements This work was funded by the Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC IG18590 to A.A.), by “Fondi di Ateneo-University of Pisa” years 2009 and 2010 (E. N., S. N., E. O., and A. R.) and partially by the Unipi project P.R.A.2016_27 (E. N., E.O. and A. R.

• Introduction It has long been recognized that angiogenesis

  2024-11-12

  

  Introduction It has long been recognized that angiogenesis is critical to the growth, progression, and metastasis of many solid tumor types [1], and thus, drugs targeting the angiogenic pathway have been a topic of clinical investigation in the oncology community for many years. Angiogenesis is reg

• The excellent safety profile of solanezumab

  2024-11-12

  

  The excellent safety profile of solanezumab and encouraging trends in the exploratory analyses in mild AD led to its inclusion in two secondary prevention trials, which are continuing in the hope that earlier intervention may yield more substantial benefit. The A4 study (NCT02008357) started in Febr

• br Possible complementarity of trimming pathways Determining

  2024-11-12

  

  Possible complementarity of trimming pathways Determining the exact pathway for the generation or destruction of MHCI peptide ligands by ERAP1 is important for our understanding of the shaping of the immunopeptidome and for designing inhibitors that can manipulate it. It is also possible however

• br Experimental section br Introduction Microglia were disco

  2024-11-12

  

  Experimental section Introduction Microglia were discovered as a novel cell population in ZD 7288 in 1933 by a Spanish physician and histologist Pío del Río-Hortega [1]. In the eye, scientists used Hortega's staining technique to label the microglia in the retinal outer plexiform layer (OPL) i

• Introduction Glaucoma consists of a group of

  2024-11-12

  

  Introduction Glaucoma consists of a group of eye diseases showing a broad spectrum of clinical presentation and unknown aetiologies, that lead to a permanent loss of visual function due to the death of retinal ganglion 1400w and damage of the optical nerve. It is well accepted that a critical risk

• It is important to note that

  2024-11-12

  

  It is important to note that stable amnesia is, apparently, a general biological phenomenon and can be found in different animal species. In studies on rats, it was found that if reconsolidation of conditioned olfactory aversion memory was impaired by the antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors, amne

• Since forskolin is known to act directly at the catalytic

  2024-11-12

  

  Since forskolin is known to act directly at the catalytic site of adenylate cyclases near the ATP binding (Tesmer et al., 1997), the synergistic and/or permissive effect of gonadotropins on FSK activity must occur at the level of AC itself or very near, at the level of one of its direct partner. The

• In order to get a

  2024-11-12

  

  In order to get a better understanding of this synergy, we tested the effect of preliminary incubation of PTC209 HBr with non-stimulating concentrations of gonadotropins or FSK before subsequent stimulation by FSK or gonadotropins alone, also at sub-stimulating concentrations. We observed that human

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