• Introduction An association of elevated branched chain amino

  2024-03-21

  

  Introduction An association of elevated branched-chain EIPA synthesis (BCAA—Leu, Val, Ile) with obesity and insulin resistance was first reported nearly 50 years ago (Felig et al., 1969). With the advent of metabolomics technologies, it has since become apparent that the association of BCAA and re

• From an historical perspective ligands

  2024-03-21

  

  From an historical perspective, ligands for GPCRs (adrenaline, serotonin, INO-1001 mg or morphine, to name a few) have been identified before their receptor counterparts, at a time when the concept of receptor itself was controversial [15]. Although many cognate receptors for endogenous ligands were

• In this review we will present the traditional and

  2024-03-21

  

  In this review, we will present the traditional and actual strategies to study orphan receptors and identify their ligands. An extensive description of the orphan GPCR field has been published in 2013 by Davenport et al. [22]. Therefore, we will focus on the deorphanizations that were reported since

• Introduction Preeclampsia a serious hypertensive disorder th

  2024-03-21

  

  Introduction Preeclampsia, a serious hypertensive disorder that can occur during pregnancy, is a pregnancy-related disease characterized by the onset of Necrostatin 1 and proteinuria after the 20 t h week of gestation, and it occurs in about 5% of all pregnancies [1]. If left untreated, preeclamps

• Wnt agonist 1 Protein arrays provide a new approach for the

  2024-03-21

  

  Protein arrays provide a new approach for the identification of substrates for several protein-modifying enzymes. For example, protein kinase substrate identification, which constitutes an important aspect of pathway mapping because of the prevalence of these substrates in biological pathways. MacBe

• Complementing the effects of ARB and ACEI on

  2024-03-20

  

  Complementing the effects of ARB and ACEI on HDL capacity to elicit cholesterol efflux, HDL of ARB- and ACEI-treated groups significantly lessened macrophage production of superoxide (Fig 2). As with efflux, there was no difference in this effect between the ARB and ACEI groups. These data are inter

• br Summary and future br Introduction Androgen activity is c

  2024-03-20

  

  Summary and future Introduction Androgen activity is critical for a wide range of developmental and physiological responses and is especially important in male sexual differentiation and maturation. The biological activity of androgens occurs through binding to the androgen receptor (AR) and t

• Based on the general structure function principle

  2024-03-20

  

  Based on the general structure-function principle in biology [[19], [20], [21]], toxic oligomers are expected to have well-defined three-dimensional structures to carry out their pathological functions. A common amyloid toxicity mechanism also suggests that toxic oligomers of different amyloid prote

• A Venn diagram representing RNA seq data that show

  2024-03-20

  

  A. Venn diagram representing RNA-seq data that show the number of gene overlaps in GFP and HepKO livers after chronic PF-06409577 dosing. B. Top canonical pathways that changed according to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis after chronic PF-06409577 dosing. C. Fibrosis-related genes that were altered in GF

• br Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma HCC is the third le

  2024-03-20

  

  Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third-leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and accounts for 70–85% of all liver cancer diagnoses [1]. In East and South-East Asia, the occurrence of HCC and the related number of fatalities have gradually increased in recent decades [2

• These mutations induce the gene auto activation in

  2024-03-20

  

  These mutations induce the gene auto-activation in 10–40% of adenocarcinomas, triggering the EGFR-signaling pathway in the absence of ligand. That leads to an uncontrolled acceleration of cell proliferation, survival and anti-apoptotic signals (Couraud et al., 2012). The frequency of these mutations

• Overexpression of AR can lead to sorbitol accumulation leadi

  2024-03-20

  

  Overexpression of AR can lead to sorbitol accumulation, leading to diabetic complications (Ransohoff and Cardona, 2010). Therefore, AR is an important enzyme in the growth and development of organisms. With the aim of inhibiting the activity of AR in diabetic patients, screening for inhibitors and i

• Last decade has provided a

  2024-03-20

  

  Last decade has provided a number of studies indicating that AhR signaling could play a role both in the development and in progression of multiple cancer types, with potential implications for cancer therapy (for review see (Kolluri et al., 2017; Murray et al., 2014)). Activation of AhR is consider

• Numerous studies have reported high glutamate levels in the

  2024-03-20

  

  Numerous studies have reported high glutamate levels in the brains of patients with depression, indicating that the glutamate system plays a crucial role in depression (Sanacora et al., 2004; Kendell et al., 2005; Hashimoto et al., 2007). Furthermore, several clinically effective antidepressant drug

• br Roles for GMF in Endocytic Traffic In addition to

  2024-03-20

  

  Roles for GMF in Endocytic Traffic In addition to its roles in cell migration, GMF regulates actin-dependent endocytosis in yeast and mammals 13, 14, 50, and promotes the turnover of focal adhesions in immune Kifunensine 42, 51. Vinculin, a central component of focal adhesions that anchors cells

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